作者：郭德维;

机构：湖北省博物馆;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 据《史记》、《汉书》等文献记载,江陵为楚郢都所在地。自1961年以来,湖北省考古文物工作者为配合农田基本建设工程,对楚都纪南城进行了大量的考古工作,在纪南城内及其四周发现很多楚墓。粗略统计,仍保存有封土的楚墓近八百座,未见封土的楚墓约两千座。其中已发掘八百余座。笔者参加了一部分楚墓的发掘和编写,对另一部分楚墓材料也作了一些了解,仅就所掌握的江陵地区楚墓加以综合叙述,并用这些材料(包括暂时尚未公布的材料)探讨江陵楚墓的特点及其演变,力图拟出一个年代分期序列。限于水平,本文只能是一个大胆的尝试,敬请同志们赐教。

英文摘要：The city of Jinan at Jiangling is the ruined site of Yingdu, the capital of the ancient Chu State. Since 1961, nearly 800 large and medium Chu tombs with earth mounds above, and about 2000 small ones without earth mounds above have been dscovered both inside and outside the city. Over 800 of these have been excavated up to date.All the tombs unearthed are vertical pits, south-north oriented, with many of the larger ones east-west oriented instead. All the larger tombs have long descending slopes as tomb paths, and the empty space around the coffins is filled up with white clay, so some of the coffins and wooden chambers are still well-preserved. The number of coffin and wooden chamber is determined by the status of the tomb owner in life. They fall generally into four categories: (1) many coffins and wooden chambers; (2) one coffin with one wooden chamber; (3) coffin without wooden chamber; and (4) tomb with neither coffin nor wooden chamber. Tombs of category 1 are probably tombs of middle class nobles. Such tombs generally have a multi-stepped passage down to the coffin chamber at the bottom of the tomb. Most of the body of the coffins in these tombs are suspended above the chamber floor by their feet, and the planks of coffins are joined together with mortise and tenon.The funerary objects consist mainly of bronze sacrificial vessels, weapons, and pottery vessels for sacrifice and for daily use; lacquered wooden food vessels and various guardian figures. Bronze objects are found mainly in the large tombs, each of which may contain scores or even hundreds of them. Most of the weapons are bronze double-edged swords (jian). Tombs of ordinary people have pottery ware as funerary objects. Such tombs of the early period have pottery li (鬲), bo-bowl(缽) and long-necked hu(壶); those of the middle period, ding (鼎), dun (敦) and hu(壶); and those of the late period, ding (鼎),fu (壶) and qiao hu(簠). The forms of the long-necked hu, fu, and qiao hu are peculiar and are seldom seen elsewhere. There are a large number and variety of lacquered wooden articles buried with the dead, and the funerary objects of some tombs consist exclusively of them. A very striking feature of the Chu tombs at Jiangling is the lacquered dark-red zoomorphic tomb-guardians and flying birds on tiger-pedestals.The upper time limit of the Chu tombs at Jiangling is about the eigth century, B. C. and the lower one about 278 B. C, covering a period of about 500 years. By their forms and funerary objects, they may be divided into tombs of eight periods. The tombs of the early periods are small, and they grow bigger and bigger as they come down into the later periods. The detail of this change of size is shown in the accompanying time chart.In 278 B. C. General Bai Qi (白起) of the Qin State captured Yingdu, and the Jiangling region was made the prefecture of Nanchun (南郡) of Qin. Prom then on, the city of Jinan was deserted. This is proved by the discoveries of the Qin and Han cemeteries inside.the city.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1982-04-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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