作者：潘鼐;

机构： 上海市建筑技术研究所,

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：郭守敬是十三世纪我国的一位卓越的科学家和工程师。探索他从事科学工作的思想与方法.将会令人从中得到教益。在他大量的科学实践中,他始终掌握住操作实验和观察量度两个基本环节。测定冬至时刻计算回归年长度时,他革新了物质工具,改进了测量的方式方法,在多次成功的测定中再现了相同的结果。他对传统知识运用自如,对前人成就择善而取,进行解析,改良和利用。通过改进和创造,取得了新的成功。授时历能够成为古历中最优良的历法,就是在这种思想指导下产生的。他办理西夏的河工水利工程也体现出这方法的有效性。通过组织集体的智慧,他出色地完成了科学技术管理工作。用调集上都、大都、故宋临安的司天监人员,访求民间人士以及培养青年人等办法,他汇聚各种力量和智慧,藉以完成仪器制造,四海测验、数据计算和历法的制定。又如引自浮泉水开浚著名的通惠河,亦仅化一年半时间便竣工。保持和发扬独立思考能力,也是他取得成功的重要因素。观测不同地域水流的变化,他得出了测量学上高程的概念。他还创制了不少新的机械和仪器。这都反映出他善于独立运用感官知觉和思维能力,凭藉才华获得重要的成就和发现。从他的一生中,使人感到他的思想方法和逻辑思维与近代科学技术工作的要求是相吻合的,是一位典型的科学家。

英文摘要：Guo Shou-jing, a distinguished chinese scientist and engineer of the 13th century, contributed valuable experience in scientific method of thinking. It will be significant and important for our socialist construction to make a study of his achievements in some fields concerned.Most of his practice demonstrated that he had grasped the two essential links of scientific experiments, i. e. testing operation and observing measurments. He renovated the instruments and improved the methods of survey which duplicated the data in determining the accurate times of solstices and precise length of tropical year. He made full use of the traditional knowledge, and utilized the strong points of the predecessors. After engaging into further study, he successfully got new achievements, such as the compilation of Shoushi Li, the finest one of all the ancient calendars, and the water conservancy works of West Xia.As an outstanding leader, he not only organized all the astronomers chosen from officers and civilians, gathered their intelligence to complete his tasks, but also kept and developed his independent thinking method. The realizations of astronomical observations, the construction of cutting Tong Hui He and the proposition of the concept of elevation in plane surveying were some evident examples. From Guo Shou-jing we will learn the scientific and logical method of thinking in accordance with what the modern scientific research demands.

[中文刊名]：中国科学院上海天文台年刊 [出版日期]：1982-06-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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