作者：张富祥

机构：山东大学文史哲研究院 250100教授

中文关键词：商王名号;;日名制;;内婚制;;王位继承法

英文关键词：

中文摘要：以干支纪名之俗起于上古贵族在同姓内婚范围内按母系分宗的传统,实质上是早期父系家长继承制下“子从母姓”的一种变制。日名制在母系为区别婚姻关系,在父系则为分宗,母系与父系同用一套日名符号,带有后世所称“姓氏合一”的特征。商王室以内婚制与外婚制并行,内婚诸妻及其诸子不分嫡庶,而在内婚群与外婚群之间已产生出嫡庶制的萌芽。商代王位以直系家庭的形态传承,在常规状况下严格控制在内婚范围之内;其传承机制以长子继承制为主而辅之以推举制,兄终弟及为父死子继的补充与变制。

英文摘要：The origin of the practice of naming by birth-date, indicated by the combination of “Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches” (tian gan di zhi) in ancient China, may be traced to the tradition of matriarchal families where endogamy was observed among aristocrats in remote antiquity. It was, in fact, a variation of the practice by which a son took the mother's family name in the early stages of patrilineal institutions of inheritance. While the practice of naming by birth-date was carried out to define a matrimonial relationship on the maternal side and a family relationship on the paternal side, the same naming system was shared by both sides, resembling what was later called the “unity of father's and mother's family names.” Both endogamy and exogamy were observed among the Shang dynasty royals. While there was no distinction of wives and concubines, as well as their sons, in endogamy, that kind of distinction began to appear between the endogamic and the exogamic groups. The crown of the Shang dynasty was passed along the direct bloodline strictly among the endogamic group under normal conditions. Inheritance by the eldest son was dominant, accompanied by elections. Inheritance by a younger brother was enacted as a supplement and variant.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2005-04-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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