作者：戴建国

机构：上海师范大学人文学院

中文关键词：唐宋变革;;良贱制度;;雇佣奴婢;;法律地位

英文关键词：

中文摘要：新发现的《天圣令》有关令文 ,反映了北宋时期还存在着良贱制度 ,这种制度到南宋时才完全消亡。在阶级结构调整过程中 ,原来旧的针对贱口奴婢的法律无法适用于具有良人身份的雇佣奴婢 ,宋统治者通过立法 ,对雇佣奴婢的法律地位作出明确规定。在“主仆名分”制约下 ,雇佣奴婢被纳入家族同居范围 ,与雇主结成密切的依附关系。雇主侵害雇佣奴婢依常人法处置 ,雇佣奴婢侵害雇主 ,则依家族同居法加重惩处。即使是主雇关系已解除 ,“主仆名分”的影响仍然存在。宋代奴婢的法律地位随着良贱制度的存亡而上下波动 ,有所变化。

英文摘要：According to laws in the newly recovered Tian Sheng Ling ,the system that divided the population into freemen and slaves was not completely extinguished until the Southern Song dynasty.As the class structure changed,the laws that once applied to male and female slave servants was not applicable to hired servants who had free status.The Song rulers made new laws which explicitly defined these people as having the legal status of clan members who were close dependants of their employer.According to the new law on the status of masters and servants,an offence against an employer committed by a hired servant would result in much heavier punishment than vice versa,as the it would be treated as an offence against a clan member.Even when the term of employment ended,the master servant relationship remained significant.The legal status of male and female servants in the Song dynasty was closely linked to the changing fortunes of the division of society into slaves and freemen.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2004-08-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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