作者：黄一农

机构：湾新竹清华大学历史系

中文关键词：红夷炮;;八旗;;汉军;;皇太极

英文关键词：

中文摘要：由于宁远、锦州等役的失利 ,皇太极深刻认识到红夷大炮的威力 ,遂积极起用汉人铸炮、操炮 ,终于在天聪年间成功铸成“天助威大将军”炮。在同明军作战及制造和使用红夷大炮的过程中 ,皇太极创建了八旗汉军 ,不仅每役所动员的红夷大炮均已超过明军 ,并开创出以汉人炮兵与满蒙步骑兵协同作战的卓越战术。清军在入关前夕所铸成的“神威大将军”炮 ,其品质已达到当时世界最高水平 ,在中国带动了一场影响深广的军事革命。

英文摘要：After his failures at Ningyuan and Jinzhou,Huang Tai Ji (1592-1643) recognized the power of Dutch cannons,and actively engaged ethnic Han craftsmen to manufacture some.Finally the craftsmen accomplished the task at Tiancong.In the process of fighting the Ming army and making and operating the cannons,Huang Tai Ji created an army of eight banners composed of ethnic Han soldiers.By doing so,he not only mobilized more cannons than the Ming army in every battle,but also invented the tactic of combining Han artillery forces with Manchu and Mongol infantry and cavalry.The Qing army manufactured cannons that were among the best in the world before they conquered the Central Plain,giving rise to a profound revolution in Chinese military history.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2004-08-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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