作者：李晓

机构：中国政法大学商学院 教授102249

中文关键词：王安石变法;;市易法;;政府购买;;科买

英文关键词：

中文摘要：市易法的内容不限于发展官营商业和借贷业,还包括对政府购买制度的改革;市易务也不仅是官营商业和借贷业机构,还属于重要的政府购买机构。市易法改革的对象是政府购买活动中的痼疾——科买之弊;改革的目的是“省公私烦费”,节约财政开支,减轻百姓负担;市易务实施改革的手段主要是推行承包制,改革的步骤是先承包诸路上供物资的购买,再与免行役法相配套承包京师的购买,最后参与承包沿边军需粮草等物资的购买。尽管实际执行中存在一些问题,但市易务承担政府购买职能并大规模推行承包制,终究是宋朝政府购买史上的重大制度创新,应给予应有地位和充分肯定。

英文摘要：The Shi Yi Fa [a government run system for balancing the market proposed by Wang Anshi(1021-1086)during his reforms in the Song dynasty—Translator] was not confined to the development of government run commercial and loan businesses.Included in the mechanism were reforms to the system of government purchasing.The Market Department( Shi Yi Wu )was not only an agency for these government run businesses,but also an important agency for government purchasing.The reform addressed a persistent problem in government purchasing activities: kemai,or requisition by purchase.The purpose of the reform was to reduce public and private trouble and expense,i.e. to reduce financial expenditure and lessen the burden on the people.The Market Department carried out the reform mainly by promoting contracts,starting from the purchasing of supplies sent up from the various circuits or lu [the intermediate zone between prefectures( zhou )and the central government in the Song dynasty],and proceeding to purchasing for the central government in conjunction with the cancellation of obligatory levies,and finally to the purchasing of supplies for frontier armies.Despite some problems in implementation,the Market Departments assumption of responsibility for the government purchasing function and its promotion of a large scale system of contracts was a major institutional innovation in the history of Song government purchasing government which should be recognized and acknowledged.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2004-12-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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