作者：杨健;

机构： 中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,

中文关键词：乾隆朝;;度牒制度;;僧籍;;摊丁入亩

英文关键词：

中文摘要：清人俞正燮推断,"摊丁入亩"的赋役制度改革是乾隆朝废除度牒制度的原因,学术界至今沿用此说,似成定论。在界定度僧、僧籍及度牒三个重要概念,梳理并剖析乾隆朝度牒制度主要内容的基础上,本文认为,"摊丁入亩"是废除度牒制度的必要但非充分条件,是外因(四个条件)之一。度牒制度被废除的内因是乾隆帝利用该制度裁减僧人所导致的五个矛盾。内因(五个矛盾)和外因(四个条件)结合起来才是乾隆朝废除度牒制度的真正原因。

英文摘要：According to the inference of Yu Zhengxie of the Qing Dynasty,the reformation of the institution of collecting taxes and distributing manual labour duty by"assimilating population tax into land tax"was the reason according to which Qianlong abolished the institution of bestowing certification to monks,hitherto,the academic circles inherited this explanation,and it was seem firmly established.On the basis of defining three important concepts ,i.e.ceremony of acknowledging someone as monk,the archives of monks and certification,and clarifying and analysing the main content of the institution of bestowing certification to monks during Qianlong Regime,this thesis held,"assimilating population tax into land tax"was a necessary but not satisfactory condition for abolishing it,and was one of external causes(four conditions).The internal cause of abolishing it was five contradictions which were conducedthrough utilizing this system to reduce the number of monks by Qianlong.The combination of the internal cause(five contradictions) with external cause(four conditions) was the real reason for abolishing it.

[中文刊名]：世界宗教研究 [出版日期]：2008-06-15 [CN]：11-1299 [ISSN]：1000-4289

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