作者：吴慧;

机构： 上海交通大学科学史与科学哲学系,

中文关键词：北斗;;南斗;;金刚智;;僧一行;;密教;;道教

英文关键词：

中文摘要：汉译密教佛经中直接以北斗为题材的经文集中出现在盛唐,其中印度来华僧人金刚智所译《北斗七星念诵仪轨》经中,有"北斗八女"字样,同经文标题"北斗七星"相异,在《大正藏》所选用的几个版本经文中也有所同异。笔者比对相关文献考得此"北斗八女"并非"北斗七星"之讹写,其背后是道教的北辰北斗崇拜对密教的影响。比较僧一行撰写的《北斗七星护摩法》,可从中看出密教经文在北斗崇拜上的进一步汉化:不但形式上更接近道教经文,同时此经中首次出现对"火星入南斗"这一传统天象的攘灾之法,是将中土星占内容融入密教佛经中的一条明证,也是天学家身份的僧一行特殊的综合工作。笔者认为金刚智的译文,保留了唐以前道教对密教在北斗崇拜上的影响,而僧一行的工作,是对密教佛经的二次汉化。对这一过程的分析,有助于辨别北斗经文的成文时间上的前后顺序,也有助于理解史传及笔记故事中北斗所具有的丰富内涵。

英文摘要：The sutras of the Big Dipper mainly appeared in Kaiyuan and Tianbao of Tang Dynasty.One of them is 北斗七星念诵仪轨,translated by the Indian Buddhist monk Jin Gangzhi(Vajrabodhi).In this sutra the number of the Big Dipper in title is different from which in the text.And there is also something different about the number of the Big Dipper among the three editions of this sutra.I think it is effected by the Taoism that the translator added the polaris into the Big Dipper.Another sutra is 北斗七星护摩法,translated by the Buddhist monk Yi Xing who is also an astronomer.It is important that Yi Xing described the Mars' Progressing into Nandou and added the horoscopy of ancient China into this sutra.Comparing the canons of Taoism with sutras we can conclude that worshiping the Big Dipper in Buddhist Esoterism was inflected by Taoism.

[中文刊名]：世界宗教研究 [出版日期]：2008-06-15 [CN]：11-1299 [ISSN]：1000-4289

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