作者：张国硕;

机构：郑州大学历史学院;

中文关键词：夏代;;军事防御;;体系

英文关键词：Xia Dynasty;military defense;system

中文摘要：军事防御的思想意识产生于原始社会后期,鲧禹时期即已发明和掌握了城郭建造技术。夏代早期注重局部的军事防御。后羿代夏的惨痛教训,迫使夏王朝建立可靠的国家军事防御体系。少康、帝宁之后,通过加强都城及其外围地区的安全,建立一系列军事重镇和方国等举措,最终构建起以都城防御为中心,都城外围自然山河关隘为屏障,周边地区军事防御为重点,多重防御设施和手段相互结合的军事防御体系。夏代末年,有莘、薛、有缗等方国叛夏从商,韦、顾、昆吾等具有军事重镇性质的方国相继被商汤拔除,致使夏国家军事防御体系中最重要的环节被突破;加之因自然灾害造成伊洛河军事防御功能的减退,以及夏桀对军事防御的消极应对,最终导致夏国家军事防御体系的土崩瓦解。

英文摘要：The idea of military defense appears in the late period of primitive society.In Gun and Yu Periods,the technology of building city is invented.The early Xia Dynasty pays attention to the part military defense.The lesson of Houyi taking the place of Xia forces Xia Dynasty to establish a dependable state military defense system.After Shaokang and Dining,a manifold defense system is established.At the end of Xia Dynasty,some states,such as Shen,Xue and Youmin betray Xia and submit to Shang.Wei,Gu and Kunwu are eliminated by Shang,which causes the most impotant tache of the military defense of Xia to be broken up.In addition,the natural calamity slacks up the defensive function of Yi and Luo rivers,Emperor Jie of Xia Dynasty has too little regard of military defense,which makes the military defenses of Xia Dynasty fall apart.

[中文刊名]：中原文物 [出版日期]：2008-08-20 [CN]：41-1012/K [ISSN]：1003-1731

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