作者：张盛发;

机构：中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所;

中文关键词：中长铁路;;中苏关系;;毛泽东;;斯大林

英文关键词：

中文摘要：有关中长铁路归还中国的交涉和谈判经历了艰难的历史过程。解放战争时期,随着中国政局的变化,中苏两党领导人开始试探地交流有关包括中长铁路在内的苏联在中国东北特殊权益问题的看法。1949年底至1950年初毛泽东访问苏联期间,中苏两国通过谈判签订了中长铁路等协定。苏联归还中长铁路的主要原因是:在冷战中处于困境的苏联迫切需要中国成为其战略盟国;斯大林相信中国能够成为苏联的盟国;中国在朝鲜战争中证明自己是苏联可靠的盟国;斯大林最终认可毛泽东真正的马克思主义者的身份。从长远看,铁路归还弱化了苏联对中国经济的影响,削弱了苏联铁路管理模式对中国铁路系统的影响,消除了两国经济合作中的一个摩擦点,逐渐瓦解了苏联在中国东北的侨民社会。

英文摘要：Negotiations on the return of the Changchun Railway to China traversed a difficult path. During the War of Liberation (1946-1949), as China's political situation changed rapidly, leaders of the Communist Parties of the Soviet Union and China and the All-Union Communist Party (Bolshevik) held tentative discussions over Soviet privileges in Northeast China, including the Chinese Changchun Railway. During Mao Zedong's visit to Moscow at the turn of 1949 and 1950, China and the Soviet Union signed agreements on a series of issues including the Changchun Railway. During the negotiations, the Soviet Union agreed to the return of the railway mainly because it badly needed China as an ally to deal with its own Cold War dilemmas. Stalin believed China could become such an ally. It was in particular China's performance in the Korean War that proved it was a reliable ally and finally resulted in the return of the railway. In the long run, this weakened the Soviet influence on China's economy as a whole, and diminished the influence of the Soviet railway management model on China's management of its railroad system. It also eliminated a source of friction in the two countries' economic cooperation and gradually eroded Soviet émigré society in Northeast China.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2008-08-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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