作者： 文明;罗文华;
机构： 故宫博物院宫廷部;故宫博物院藏传佛教文物研究中心;
中文关键词： 咸若馆;;挂龛;;擦擦佛;;三百六十佛;;《诸佛菩萨圣像赞》;;《四体文佛名折》;;三世章嘉;;庄亲王
英文关键词： Xianruo Guan;;vertical alcoves;;tsa tsa Buddha images;;36o Buddhas;;Images and Encomiums of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas(Zhufo-pusa shengxiang zan);;Siti wen fo ming zhe;;Third Zhangjia Khutuktu;;Prince Zhuang.
中文摘要： 咸若馆位于故宫外西路慈宁宫花园内,为该园中主体建筑。乾隆三十七年(1772)在东、西稍间的内壁上增设24个"挂龛",用于供奉十二套擦擦三百六十佛,共计4320尊。经整理,咸若馆现存擦擦佛4233尊,其中4217尊属于三百六十佛系列,是利用三世章嘉胡图克图·若必多吉编订、乾隆二十二年十一月初十日(1757年12月20日)最终定型的三百六十佛铜阴佛模制作而成,其余16尊背后无字的擦擦无量寿佛则是清后期的作品。4217尊擦擦佛中目前仅有一套完整的擦擦三百六十佛,其余各套均不全。将这套完整的擦擦三百六十佛与《诸佛菩萨圣像赞》进行比较,两者有354尊佛像完全相同,仅6处存在差别,一致性高达983%。依据中正殿火场残存的《四体文佛名折》等一系列档案,考证其出现差别的原因是《诸佛菩萨圣像赞》和咸若馆供藏擦擦三百六十佛分别是三世章嘉编订三百六十佛过程中的前后两个阶段的作品,前者属于稿本,后者为定本。
英文摘要： Xianruo Guan is a building located in the garden of Cining Palace along the western 'axial road' within the Forbidden City.In 1772,the 37th year of the reign of Qianlong,twenty-four vertical alcoves were constructed towards the center of the eastern and western inner walls,and these served to house twelve sets of 360 tsa-tsa Buddha images,totalling 4320 small statues.After sorting and cataloguing,4233 of the statuettes survive,of which 4217 belong to the twelve sets.On 20 December 1757 the original set of 360 bronze moulds had been made in accordance with the design of the Third Zhangjia Khutuktu Robi Dorge,with sixteen additional uninscribed tsa-tsa images of the Wuliangshou Buddha added in the late years of the Qing Dynasty.Among the surviving 4217 Buddhas,there is only one complete set of 360 images,the other sets all being incomplete.Comparing this single complete set with those contained in the Images and Encomiums of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas(Zhufo-pusa shengxiang zan),we find there are 354 correspondences,a 98.3%congruity,with only six statuettes varying from those in the text.As a result of the loss of a number of important related archives,such as Siti wen fo ming zhe,in the fire that destroyed Zhongzheng Hall,the reason for the discrepancy would seem to be that the statuettes in Images and Encomiums of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas and the sets of 360 in Xianruo Guan date to before and after the determination of the sequence by the Third Zhangjia Khutuktu,the former being a draft edition and the latter the final version.
[中文刊名]： 故宫博物院院刊[出版日期]： 2009-09-30[CN]： 11-1202/G2[ISSN]： 0452-7402
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