作者：陈志坚;

机构：中国社会科学院世界历史研究所;

中文关键词：中世纪;;英国;;普通法;;地产托管

英文关键词：

中文摘要：流行于中世纪英国的地产托管(uses)是地产主在实践中创设的一种地产处置手段。人们过去习惯于到古代法律文本中寻找其源头,其实在它形成和发展过程中,真正起推动作用的是个体地产主的现实需要。这种源自"现实需要"的地产处置手段与体现地产主阶层整体利益的普通法继承规则旨趣不同,二者是规避与被规避的关系。在教会法庭、大法官庭的支持下,前者挑战后者,并迫使后者妥协,承认地产托管的合法性,从而形成了地产托管制大行其道的局面。这标志着个体地产主在摆脱土地上的各种封建束缚、争取对土地的自由处置权的过程中取得了初步胜利。

英文摘要：The system of uses prevailing in medieval England was one of the important devices designed by landowners with the aim of disposing of their estates.Although scholars have tried to trace it in ancient legal literature,it had its origin in the practical needs of individual landowners,and was different from the common law inheritance rules that represented the rights of the landed stratum as a whole.These rules were often evaded and challenged by uses.With the help of church courts and chanceries,uses forced the common law system to compromise and acknowledge its legitimacy.Thereafter,the system became widespread.This marked the first victory on the part of individual landowners in their struggle against feudal bonds and for the right to dispose freely of their land.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2009-06-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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