作者：于平陵,张晓梅

机构：陕西省文物保护技术中心!西安710061,陕西省文物保护技术中心!西安710061

中文关键词：砖坯墙体;;风化病害;;裂解粉化

英文关键词：Brick wall Weathering Cleaving and powder

中文摘要：论述了西安城墙东门箭楼的文化背景，实地考察了风化外状，并对风化外状进行了分类测试。通过对砖坯墙体材料进行化学全分析、X－射线衍射分析、吸水率测定（含他和系数）、冻融实验、泛霜实验、环境污染与水文气象监测资料的分析，研究了东门箭楼砖坯墙体不同风化外状的风化因素，同时对现代修缮用砖的理化性能及质量进行了评估。结果表明，温度的交替变化、水的冻结与融化使得砖坯裂解成碎块；干湿引起可溶盐的结晶与潮解以及自然界中的雨水、地面水或地下水、污染气体等通过溶解、水化、水解、碳酸化、氧化等方式，使得砖坯墙体表面酥碱粉化。同时说明研究适用于古建筑修缮使用的抗风化仿古青砖是当务之急。

英文摘要：This paper expounds the cultural background of the east gate's Arrow Tower of the Xi'an city wall, makes an on-the-spot investigation on different weathering appearance of brick, tests and classfies the weathering appearance. The rotten factors of different weathering appearance of brick in the east gate's Arrow Tower are researched by means of chemical analysis、X-Ray diffraction analysis、determination of hygroscopic coefficient (include saturated coefficient)、pantothenate experiment、freeze thawing experiment、enviromental contamination and hydrometeorologic data analysis, in the mean time the physical and chemical properties as well as quailty of modern brick used to renovate ancient architecture are evaluated. The results indicate that alternate change of temperature,freeze thawing of water make the brick cleave,crystallization and deliquescence of the soluble salts caused by wet and dry、rain、land water or underground spring、pollution gas make brick powder by means of dissolving, hydrating、hydrolyzing、carbonating、oxidating etc. Further more the recults tell us that it is urgent to develop modelled brick after an antique that is suitable for renovating ancient architecture and resists weathering.

[中文刊名]：文物保护与考古科学 [出版日期]：1994-12-15 [CN]：31-1652/K [ISSN]：1005-1538

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