作者：谭德睿

机构：上海博物馆!上海200231

中文关键词：古代失蜡铸造;;起源;;焚失法

英文关键词：Ancient lost wax casting Qringin Burnt method

中文摘要：迄今为止，中国发现的最早期失蜡铸件，属春秋晚期器，技术已相当复杂。早期的、技术较原始的失蜡铸件并未发现。中国失蜡法的起始年代和原始技术仍是一个学术悬案。近年来发现了一批早至商晚期的中原和长江中下游青铜器，其纹饰或附件的成形无法按陶范法解释。按技术特征分类，计有通体为难于脱范的模纹；模纹内宽外窄；模纹边缘上翘和绳索状附件缺少范线等4种。对4种现象进行了讨论，并作了部份模拟试验，据此提出：中国失蜡法起源于“焚失法”；焚失法最早见于商晚期；这种技术在无范线失蜡法出现之后逐渐消亡；至春秋中晚期，无范线失蜡法已相当成熟。

英文摘要：Both the Bronze Jin (Wine vessel stand) unearthed from Chu culture Comb, Xichuan County, Henan Province, and the bronze vessels unearthed from Yunnan, Zhejiang and other provinces in recent years, are regarded firstly as earliest lost wax bronzes in China. It is the later Spring and Autumn Period (770-475 B. C.) and the technique is rather skellful. Although the deduction, infered from this fact, that China's lost wax technique appeared at the early and middle Spring and Autumn Period, is accepted by many scholars, it is still an academic unsettled question about the beginning age of China's lost wax technique and the original technique of lost wax only because of failing to find out the origlnal lost wax bronzes in early time. In recent years, the author has found that the carve additions on Chu bronze vessels, unearthed from the southern side of the Yangtse River's middle reaches, the middle and later Spring and Autumn Period (570 B. C. ), 20 years earlier than that of the Bronze Jin (wine vessel stand) unearthed from Xichuan Chu tomb, are produced by rather skillful lost wax technique. This is the first example to prove the deduction just mentioned above. Moreover, the author has found that the formation of some design parts or additions on some bronzes unearthed from China's central plains and Yangtse River's middle and low reaches, can't been explained by clay mold casting techniques. According to the technical characteristics, there are four kinds of phenomena: model design on whole vessel surface which difficult to remove clay mold from model, the model design's groove of wide top and narrow bottle, the upward edge of model design and rope addition without mold join mark. In this paper, through the discussion of this four phenomena and the analgue of upward edge and rope addition, it puts forward viewpiont as follows: China's lost wax technique stems from burnt technique. The earliest burnt technique appears at the later Shang Period and this technique disappeared generally after the lost wax technique without mold join mark appears. The lost wax technique, without mold join mark, is rather skillful at the middle and later Spring and Autumn Period.

[中文刊名]：文物保护与考古科学 [出版日期]：1994-12-15 [CN]：31-1652/K [ISSN]：1005-1538

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