作者：张忠培;

机构：

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：张忠培的《良渚文化的年代和其所处社会阶段》一文,提出“良渚文化已迈入了文明的门槛,奴隶占有制并非进入文明时代的良渚文化的社会形态”的观点,并提出了良渚“方国”的三个特征。

英文摘要：Reconstruction of the Chinese civilization, of its genesis, shaping and final development into the centralized Qin-Han empire, must be based in studies of what had happened on this land.The heterogeneity of the socalled "jade-interred burials" of the Liangzhu cultrure in terms of tomb size and funeral objects tells about a well stratified population. Whether a tomb occupant once had control over military affairs or oracle practice or both, can be known by asking if jade zong plague or battle-axe or both are present. It seems that both divination and war had become a profession in the Liangzhu society, and those holding sway over them were at the acme of the social hierarchy. As such, the Liangzhu inhabitants were at the stage of state.Of this culture,the sites yielding hard-foot gui are earlier than those where the vessel is absent. According to a morphological comparison made on the Liangzhu artifacts with those of the Dawenkou culture, the former is chronologically equal to the early Huating Phase while the latter somewhere toward the late Xixiahou Phase. So,the Liangzhu culture is more than five thousand years from pressent, fairly within the threshold of civilization.In a minority of "jade-interred burials, " human sacrifices are wives or concubines of tomb owners. The wives and concubines, although a product of slavery, were themselves not necessarily slaves. It is not legitimate enough to identify the Liangzhu polygynous patriarchy with slave system. Based on his ressearch, the author makes three general statements about the Liangzhu culture.Firstly, the society was consisted of a minority holding oracle and military powers and ordinary people who were independent economically within certain social organizatinon. The former was the ruler, amassing wealth from the latter.Secondly, military authority was not bigger than priestly power. Generals and priess were on positions of basically equal importance.Thirdly, the Liangzhu society had not yet witnessed a political unification. The whole territory was partitioned into different parts held by different autonomous regionalpowers.The foregoing features can be regarded as the hallmark of the Liangzhu society and an indicator of its position in social evolution.

[中文刊名]：文物 [出版日期]：1995-05-15 [CN]：11-1532/K [ISSN]：0511-4772

下载全文 下载CAJ阅读器