作者：吕遵谔;

机构：北京大学考古系;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 仙人洞是1981年发现的旧石器时代晚期文化遗址,位于辽宁省海城县小孤山乡海域河右岸,同年秋试掘,1983年夏正式发掘。除发现人类化石、石制品、装饰品和大量哺乳动物化石外,还发现了骨、角制品,其中有一件鱼镖头,是我国发现最早的捕鱼工具。笔者拟对该标本进行复制和使用的研究,蒙辽宁省博物馆支持,借给标本,特致谢意。

英文摘要：The antler harpoon-head unearthed from the Xianren-dong Cave at Xiaogushan,Hai- cheng,Liaoning,is the only upper Palaeolithic fishing implement discovered so far in China.Some scholars published papers on the problem how it was used,but there still havn't appeared theses on its making technology and working efficiency. In experimental research was carried out by the author of the present paper,who, bringing a fresh antler as the material,using the quartz flakes he himself chopped as the tools (for the stone artifacts unearthed from Xianren-dong are nearly all made of quartz),reproduced an antler harpoon-head imitating the Xianrendong find both in shape and size.During the research course,he recorded the ways and duration of opera- tion with ten quartz tools,examined the minute traces of wheat on them,and made fish- ing experiments with the reproduced harpoon-head set on a handle.The examination reveals that the traditional method of classification for stone tools based on their shap- es is imperfect and should be replaced with the one based on their traces of wear (inc- luding minute traces) and ways of operation.The fishing experiments show that once hit by such a harpoon,a fish,even as large as 0.5m long,couldn't escape from the im- plement,and the efficiency of fishing varied with the change of using way (with a fastened or removable harpoon-head) and environment (on the river or lake).

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1995-01-15 [CN]：11-1209 [ISSN]：0453-2902

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