作者：张汉东

机构：山东师范大学文学院古籍所 山东 济南250014

中文关键词：文献;;献;;进献;;下情上达;;文字资料

英文关键词：Key words :"Wenxian(document)" ;"Xian" ; proffer;situation of the people report to the leadership;literal materials

中文摘要：[摘要]《论语》孔子所云“文献”是具有证据功能的文字资料。历代学者训“献”为“贤”，一误再误，各种诠释皆不圆孔子之说。据“献”字本义和古代注重收集民情传统考查，“献”是下情上达的文字资料，与“文”的区别仅在于强调其最初来自庙堂之下进献。当下情上达的文字资料，“藏于秘室”而与庙堂原有之“文”久居共处，或两者糅合一起时，“文”与“献”的区别也就日益消失而没有意义，故笼而统之称为“文献”。

英文摘要：Abstract: The "Wenxian(document)"in the Confucian analects said by confucius is the literal materials which possess evidential functions. It's wrong that the past scholars explained the "xian"as the "wisdom" many times for all generations, and all kinds of these explanations didn't conform to the meanings: of Confucius himselfs. According to the original meanings of the Chinese word "Xian"and the tradition of collecting situation of the people in the ancientry,the "Xian" is the literal materials which was reported to the leadership from conditions of the lower levels,and the only difference between "Wen" and "Xian" is that the latter emphasized that itself had originated from the local proffer, when the literal materials from the local proffer" have been stored into the archives of the court"and was put together with the "Wen" which was stored in the court before,as another words,when they were mixed together,the difference between"wen"and "Xian would disappear gradually and would haven't any significance. So it was called "wenxian(document)"as a word generally.

[中文刊名]：古籍整理研究学刊 [出版日期]：2002-01-30 [CN]：22-1024/G2 [ISSN]：1009-1017

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