作者：段德智

机构：武汉大学哲学系与宗教学系

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：莱布尼茨在批判地继承笛卡尔和马勒为朗士身心关系理论的基础上曾先后提出和论证了身心平行论、身心一致假说和前定和谐假说，以解决当时颇有争议的身心关系问题。然而，莱布尼茨的前定和谐学说并不局限于身心关系问题，它包容或涵摄单子之间的普遍和谐，一般意义上的灵魂与身体之间的和谐以及自然的与神恩的和谐这样三个层次，有明显的普遍适用性。莱布尼茨强调和谐的两重性和统一性，认为和谐总既是自主的又是神恩的，而且和谐的这样两个层面又总是相互贯通、浑然一体的。莱布尼茨的前定和谐学说是以他的单子论及其相关学说为理论基础的，我们从他的关系理论、道德的必然性理论以及和谐的前定性观点可以较为准确又较为深刻地理解他所强调的和谐的自主性、和谐的神恩性以及这两极的一体性。他的这样一种和谐学说以及与之相关的社会向善论不仅在哲学一神学史上具有重大的理论意义，而且对于现当代人类的一些精神病症，如人我关系上的无节制的个体主义，天人关系上的极端的人类中心主义以及社会心理上的厌世的悲观主义等，也有明显的救治功能。

英文摘要：The principle of harmony is the highest principle in Leibniz's system of philosophy --theology. Leibniz successively put forward the parallelism-"the hypothesis of concomitance"and "the hypothesis of pre -established harmony"on the foundation of critically examing the theories of relation between mind (soul)and body of Descartes and Malebranche. However, the doctrine of pre-established harmony of Leibniz is not limited to the relation between mind and body of human being,but is applicable to the relations among bare monads themselves,between soul and body in general,and between nature and grace. Leibniz emphasized the duality and the unity of harmony,thinks that the harmony always has a kind of duality, i. e. it is always that of autonomy and that of Grace, and the two levels of which always penetrate each other and unite with each other. Leibniz laid the foundation of his doctrine of pre-established harmony on his monadology and some of his doctrines concerned. We may well understand the autonomy and Grace of harmony and the unity of them in the perspectives of his theories of relation, the moral necessity and the pre-establishment of harmony. Such a kind of harmonious doctrine of Leibniz and its melioration concerned not only has important significances in the history of philosophy and theology, but also has important practical significances for us to cure some of spiritual deseases of contemporary human being, such as the individualism without moderation, the extreme anthropocentrism and the world-weary pessimism. The harmonious doctrine of Leibniz is not a out-of-date doctrine,but a kind of doctrine which so far is still full of vitality. Born in 1945, the author is vice-dean of Philosophy College and director of Religious Department of Philosophy College,Wuhan University.

[中文刊名]：世界宗教研究 [出版日期]：2000-03-30 [CN]：11-1299/B [ISSN]：11-1299/B

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