作者：安志敏;安家瑗;

机构：中国社会科学院考古研究所;中国国家博物馆;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 一引言黄金系人类较早利用的金属之一。它的出现稍迟于红铜和青铜,但早于白银。在金属中质料最为柔软。黄金比重19.32,硬度2.5-3,熔点1063C。因此它不像铜、铁那样,能够制造实用的兵器或工具。由于它本身的美观珍贵,光泽耐久不变,具有延展的特性,并易于加工,所以从上古以来便在世界范围内被视作神秘的贵重物品,主要用在装饰方面,或作为财富、权力的象征以及货币流通的价值尺度。

英文摘要：Gold is one of the metals man began to use in early times.Thanks to its beauty, preciousness,durable luster,extensibility and relatively great workability,it was taken as a mysterious valuable substance all over the world from remote antiquity and used to make ornaments,to symbolize wealth and power or to serve for the measure of currency value. The present paper collects and systematizes the archaeological data on pre-Qin gold- ware so far discovered in China and deals with its chronological sequence and evolutionary course in the light of the distribution scope and co-existence of different types of early gold artifacts,so as to outline the basic condition of early Chinese gold-ware and to clarify its position in the history of man's culture.The earliest Chinese gold artifacts emerged roughly in 3500 BP,in the Lower Xiajiadian and Siba cultures,which has been ascertained on the basis of definite archaeological evidence despite its small amount.During the Shang and Western Zhou periods,gold-ware was distributed wider and wider;and in the Spring-and- Autumn and Warring States periods,it became prevailing in a large quantity.There were not only still more gold ornaments but also gold vessels,and a certain weight of gold was taken to be the monetary unit,and thus gold was established as the basis of currency in successive Chinese dynasties.Furthermore,the authors make a comprehensive analysis of the technology and form of pre-Qin gold artifacts and comes to the conclusion that the early Chinese gold-ware consists mainly of ornaments that are made largely by means of foil- forging,wire inlay and wire drawing and partly by gold-leaf covering,gold inlay,gilding, etc.Some animal-mask design gold plaques of the Warring States period are cast in the lost wax method (cire-perdue process),a new technology for that time.The weight and number inscribed in seal characters on the reverse indicate that they were made by craftsmen of the Central Plains in the Warring States period,which is of particular significance in the history of cultural exchange and technological development.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：2008-07-15 [CN]：11-1209 [ISSN]：0453-2902

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