作者：胡厚宣;

机构：中国科学院历史研究所;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> (一)商代后期,从盘庚迁殷,到帝辛亡国,八世十二王,二百七十三年,即所谓殷代,是中国历史上奴隶占有制社会的昌盛时期。奴隶占有制社会施行残暴的奴隶主阶级专政。在殷代,最高的奴隶主就是殷王,他是奴隶主阶级的总头目,拥有主宰一切的权力,是千百万劳动人民的绝对统治者。以殷王及其族属百官侯伯组成了奴隶主阶级的统治集团,设置军队、刑罚、牢狱等一整套森严的国家机器,对奴隶们进行极端残酷的剥削和压迫。"奴隶没有任何权利,始终是被压迫阶级,不算是人。"(列宁:《论国家》)根据安阳殷墟的考古发掘,殷代奴隶主贵族建筑宫殿宗庙,都要用奴隶祭奠,动辄几十几百人之多。奴隶主贵族死亡,要用奴隶殉葬,多的或至三四百人。甲骨卜辞记载的用男女奴隶祭祀祖先的事例,将近二千条。一次祭祀的人数从几人到几十人,以至从一百到五百。情状凄惨已极。

英文摘要：Making use of a wealth of oracle inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Dynasty ruinsat Anyang,the present paper discusses at some length the struggle of the Yin Dynastyslaves against the slave-owners of the time.Such struggles usually took the form of eitherflight or armed revolts.The author holds that the character (?) found in the oracle inscriptions of the reignof King Wu-ting is actually the archaic form of the character 往 found in Hs(?) Sh(?)n'sShuo W(?)n Chieh Tz(?) 说文解字(Analytical Dictionary of Characters).The latter oftenserved as a substitute for the character 亡 which denotes "to escape".On the basis ofthis identification of the character (?) he cites many instances from the oracle inscrip-tions,in which large numbers of slaves succeeded in running away.In the Yin Dynasty,slaves were often prisoners of war captured from such enemy tribes as the Chiang people,and employed in animal-raising,farming,domestic chores,medical work and dancing.An intact oracle inscription of the reign of King Wu-ting relates that a group ofslaves engaged in weeding suddenly revolted at night and set fire to three granaries,which caused a great alarm among the ruling class of slave-owners.By the reign of Ti-hsin at the end of the Yin Dynasty,the revolutionary currentstarted by the armed revolts of slaves became further intensified.Apart from oracle in-scriptions,ancient Chinese documentary sources also contain many references to the flightsand armed revolts of the Yin Dynasty slaves A well-known instance is that occurredduring the battle of Mu-yeh waged by King Wu of the Chou people against Ti-hsin,thelast Yin ruler.Forced by a severe shortage of man power,Ti-hsin sought to press slavesinto his army but the latter mutinied before the battle was joined,which led to thedownfall of the Yin Dynasty.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1976-04-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

下载全文 下载CAJ阅读器