作者：钟民岩;那森柏;金启孮;

机构：中央民族学院;内蒙古大学;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 前言从十七世纪中叶起,沙俄的侵略魔爪便伸向我国的黑龙江流域,遭到我国军民的英勇抵抗之后,才被迫暂时收缩回去。鸦片战争以后,中国沦为半殖民地半封建社会,凶恶而又狡诈的沙俄侵略者加入其他帝国主义侵华行列,从北方下手,吞并了中国黑龙江以北、乌苏里江以东的

英文摘要：In the last three years, some Soviet revisionists have alleged in a number of articles and books that the Heilungkiang (Amur) valley and the land to the east of the Ussuri River were first discovered by the Russians in the middle of the seventeenth century. They further claimed that prior to that these lands "had not belonged to China" and that nor were they "subject to anybody" or "inhabited by the Chinese". All these are sheer fabrication of history.From very early times the Heilungkiang valley and the land to the east of the Ussuri River had always been Chinese territory. An indisputable testimony to this historical fact is borne by the Ming Dynasty stone inscriptions of the Yung Ning Monastery at Nu-erhkan奴儿干.Of the two stone tablets found at the Yung Ning Monastery, one, entitled Dedication Inscription of the Yung Ning Monastery永宁寺记and engraved in four languages-Han, Mongolian, Nu Chen女真and Tibetan, was erected in the eleventh year of the reign of Yung Lo永乐(A. D. 1413) when the monastery was first founded at the site by the officials of the Ming court. The other, entitled Dedication Iscription concerning the Rebuilding of the Tung Ning Monastery重修永宁寺记and engraved in the Han language, was erected in the eighth year of the reign of Hsiian Te宣德(A.D. 1433) at the time of its rebuilding. The texts of both inscriptions refer to the founding of the Nu-erh-kan Commissariat 奴儿干都指挥使司and the administration of the region within this twenty year span by the Imperial Commissioner Yi-shih-ha亦失哈and others. Among the hundred odd people listed at the end of both inscriptions are officials and commoners of both Han and other Chinese nationalities. All these bear an eloquent testimony to the fact that in the Ming Dynasty the region was governed by the Commissariat of Nu-erh-kan, a regional administrative branch within the multi-national state of the Ming China.Although the Ming Dynasty buildings of the monastery had long since disappeared, the two well-known stone tablets, which had stood at the site for nearly five hundred years, have become the subject of many Chinese and foreign accounts. In the twenty-eighth year of the reign of Kang Hsi康熙(A. D. 1689), Yang Pin杨宾's Liu Pian Chi Lueh柳边记略gave the earliest Chinese account of these inscriptions. He was followed by some nineteenth century foreign travellers who either mentioned or described these inscriptions in their writings. In 1885, when the region had already been annexed by the Czarist Russia for over twenty years, Ts'ao T'ing-chieh曹廷杰, an official of the Ch'ing court, visited the site and saw the two tablets. With his own hands he made rubbings of the inscriptions and had them published in the Chi Lin T'ung Chih林通志, (Gazetteer of Chi Lin) in 1891. Since then, Chinese and Japanese scholars have made repeated studies of the texts of these two inscriptions.Availing themselves of the work of other scholars and of several sets of photographic reproductions and copied versions of the inscriptions, the authors have made a painstaking re-examiniation of these texts in three scripts (Han, Mongolian and Nu Chen) and succeeded in deciphering some hitherto unidentified characters and correcting the reading of other characters.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1975-10-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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