作者：傅熹年;

机构：建筑科学研究院;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 在敦煌石窟北魏至元代的壁画和很多传世宋元卷轴画中,常常可以看到木构架门洞的城门。过去因为缺乏实例,对于这种城门的构造特点、演变情况、消失的原因,一直未能进行探讨。解放后,发掘了汉、唐长安城遗址,隋、唐洛阳城遗址,发现了很多这种城门的遗址,积累了一定

英文摘要：The Hsüan Wu and Chung Hsüan Gates of the Ta Ming Palace are the best preserved of all excavated T'ang city gates. In the present reconstruction attempt the author relies chiefly on the excavation report entitled The Ta Ming Kung of the T'ang Capital Ch'ang-an (唐长安大明宫) edited by the Institute of Archaeology, Academia Sinica (published by the Science Press, Peking, 1959) but he also makes use of other archaeological data and ancient literary sources. Basing himself on the description of the remains of Chung Hsüan Gate given in pp. 21—29 of the above-mentioned excavation report, the author shows that its gateway is built of wooden columns which supported a trapezoidal head and truss. The latter in turn is surmounted by an earthen superstructure which held the wooden base of the gate tower. The tower itself is a single-storeyed hip-roofed building with a width of five bays and a depth of two bays. On either side of the earthen superstructure a sloped passage leads to the top of the palace wall and the gate tower. (Figure 1, 2 and 3) Located to the south of the Chung Hsüan Gate on the same axial line, the remains of the Hsüan Wu Gate are of the same depth as that of the former but there is a slight difference of 60 cm between their width. Its gate tower is similar to that of the Chung Hsüan Gate, though differing slightly in detail. The present paper is provided with a sketch showing a bird's eye view of these two gates and nearby buildings as reconstructed (Figure 19). In the T'ang Dynasty the palace guards were stationed to the north, east and west of the Ta Ming Palace. Those stationed at the Chung Hsüan and Hsüan Wu Gates, known as the Pei Ssǔ 北司, played a very important role in the maintenance and excercise of the political authority of the T'ang Court on account of their strategic location, a fact which is attested by the presence of double gates at both gateways. Judging by local terrain the palace guards of this area were then probably stationed on either side of the Hsüan Wu Gate between the north wall of the Ta Ming Palace and the south wall of the Imperial Park. From this strategic location they could easily enter the Ta Ming Palace and control the whole palace or retreat through the Imperial Park and the Yen Ch'iu Gate to the west. The wooden structures of these two gates probably retained some structural designs of a much older date. At least by the Western Han, the wood constructed gateway already made its appearace. But its basic design had remained the same over the fifteen hundred years from the Han through the Yuan Dynasty, with perhaps some minor improvements on details.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1977-10-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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