作者：傅熹年;

机构：中国建筑科学研究院;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 河北省平山县中七汲村西战国时中山国一号墓出土了一块金银错兆域图铜版,版长94、宽48、厚约1厘米。版面用金银镶错出一幅陵园的平面布置图,图中对陵园建筑的各个部分和相互距离注了尺寸,并附有一篇中山王的王命。这是关于战国时期陵墓建筑的一个极重要的发现。据出土铜器铭文,一号墓为中山王(?)的陵墓。从兆域图上所刻王命有"其一从,其一藏府"的话看,兆域图所绘就是以王(?)陵墓为主体的陵园的总平面图,图中的王堂是王(?)墓的享堂,亦即一号墓迴廊遗址以内所包括的建筑物。二号墓是哀后墓,其上迴廊遗址就是哀后的享堂。兆域图上画有三座大墓两座小墓,而在墓地上只有一号和二号两座大墓。这是因为王(?)约葬

英文摘要：The Zhao Yu Tu (兆域图), a mausoleum plan engraved on a bronze plate unearthed from Tomb No.1 of Warring States' Zhongshan Kingdom at Pingshan County, Hebei Province, is the earliest architectural design of this kind so far discovered in China. On the design drawing are marked measurements and distances of and between each sacrifice hall and grave mound of the five tombs. Among these two tombs (one for the king and the other for one of his wives) were completed. According to the drawing and based on the actual excavation of the king's tomb, the sacrifice hall was built after the fashionable "terracepavilion" type of the time. Its original shape and form could be worked out by referring to other pavilion sites and architectural pictures engraved on bronze vessels of the Warring States period. At present, it is still difficult to determine which type of terrace-pavilion buildings the king's sacrifice hall belonged to because its upper part had already collapsed. But the grand scale of the mausoleum on the plan has far exceeded our estimation of the Warring States' level in architecture.The design drawing of the mausoleum plan is rather simple. By comparing it with the site, we found an obvious axis in the building group. The ancient builders had known how to use space, ground elevation and symmetric disposition to give prominence to the main body of the architectural group. This indicated that the single unit building and groupbuilding planning had reached a fairly high level.By calculating the measurements marked on the design drawing and comparing it with the site, we found that a chi in Zhongshan Kingdom equals to 25 centimeters, a bu equals to 5 chi, or 125 cm. Such measurements are different from those used by other Warring States' kingdoms. It seems that various kingdoms didn't have a unified measurement system.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1980-01-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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