作者：田广金;

机构：内蒙古自治区文物工作队;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 一、前言匈奴族是我国古老的游牧民族之一。在我国古代文献中,屡见记载,但不系统;或出于民族偏见贬之过甚。现代的一些研究匈奴史的学者,虽然作了努力,但大都未能摆脱文献记载的束缚,而且把匈奴史局限在冒顿建国(公元前209年)以后。冒顿建国以前的历史,只是《史记·匈奴列传》作过推测:"自淳维以至头曼千有余岁,时大时小,别散分离,尚矣,其世传不可得而次云"。因此,利用考古资料研究匈奴史,就显得更为重要了。匈奴考古在国外开展的较早。1898年俄国学者Ю·Д·塔尔科—格林采维奇于德列斯图伊·库勒图克发现匈奴墓,以后陆续对现在已知的大部分外贝加尔地区的匈奴墓进行发掘。

英文摘要：Since 1973,the following tombs of the Xiongnu people have been discovered successively inthe western part of Nei Mongol.They include the Taohongbala Tombs,Aluchaideng Tomb,Yulongtai Tomb,Hulusitai Tombs,Xigoupan Cemetery,Maoqinggou Cemetery and Budong-gou Cemtery.In addition,a great number of Ordos bronzes have been collected in theregion.The date of the cemeteries excavated and the bronzes collected ranges from the latestage of the Spring and Autumn Period down to the Western Han Dynasty or the begin-ning of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Among the tombs,the Maoqinggou Graveyard is arather well-preserved clan cemetery,extending from the late Spring and Autumn Period tothe late Warring States Period.Through studies of the above-mentioned discoveries and collection,the culture of thenomadic tribes on the grasslands in the western part of Nei Monggol can be traced backto the early period of the Shang Dynasty.The developmental sequence of this culture is asfollows:the Bronze Age corresponding to the period of the Shang Dynasty and the Springand Autumn Period;the early Iron Age corresponding to the Warring States period,andthe Iron Age corresponding to the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties.Each of theseages has its own peculiar cultural features.According to ancient historical records,the peoples or tribes living in the northwesternpart of China in the late Shang Dynasty include the Gongfang((?)方),Tufang(土方)andGuifang(鬼方).In the Western Zhou Dynasty,they were referred to as Yanyun((犭严)狁);inthe Spring and Autumn Period,they were cal led collectively Di(狄);and in the period ofthe Warring States,they were named Linhu(林胡)and Loufan(楼烦).In view of thesefacts,the culture of the grassland nomadic people in the western part of Nei Monggol priorto the late Warring States is called pre-Xiongnu Culture or Early Xiongnu Culture.Thedevelopment of the Xiongnu Culture indicates that the Xiongnu people was an old nomadicpeople in the northern part of China.Judging from the geographical distribution of Ordosbronzes,the territory covered by the life and activities of the Xiongnu people is very exten-sive,and their culture,therefore,must have exercised a great influence upon cultures overthe grasslands of the entire Eurasian continent.The Xiongnu nationality is therefore alsoentitled to an important place in the world history as well as the Chinese history.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1983-01-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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