作者：傅举有;

机构：湖南省博物馆;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正> 秦汉时期是中国历史上博戏最盛的时代,上至天子、百官,下至百姓,都喜爱这种娱乐。考古发现的博具实物,全部出土于秦汉墓中;汉代的画像石、画像砖和画像镜上也经常发现它们的图形。博局纹铜镜在汉代墓葬中也是常见的,它是目前所发现的汉代铜镜中数量最多的一种铜镜。博即簿,古代又叫象棋,是现代象棋的前身。过去对博的研究不多,1933年开明书店出版过杜亚泉的《博史》,因为他没有见过博的实物,对博的叙述多有失实之处。有些古典文学研究者曾试图把《楚辞·招魂》中关于六博的一段文字解释清楚,也是因为缺乏实物作依据,以致有不少误解。

英文摘要：All the game articles of ancient China discovered so far in archaeological fieldwork were unearthed from Qin and Han tombs. Up to now two sets of game articles have been found in Qin tombs and about a dozen or more in Han ones. In addition, many models of such articles have been unearthed. A lot of figures of game articles and game scenes have also been found on unerthed pictorial stones and bricks and bronze mirrors.Information gathered from archaeological finds shows that Qin and Han game articles include chessboards, pieces, sticks (zhu or chou), dices (qiong) and a number of accessories such as mats, bags, boxes, paring knives, scrapers, etc.There were two principal games in the Qin and Han Dynasties. One of these was the throwing of zhu and the other was the throwing of qiong. The zhu-throwing game was sub divided into the games of throwing 2,6 and 8 zhu with that of throwing 6 zhu as the most popular one, which was called "big game". The qiong-throwing game was also divided into the games of t ng. The game of throwing 2 qiong was called "little game".he emergence of these games can be traced back at least to the Shang Dynasty.They become quite popular durnig the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and reached their height during the Han Dynasty, They were much enjoyed by the ruling clase of the Han Dynasty and were thus greatly encouraged. As a result, professional players came into being. From the above mentined archaeological finds and related historical records, we can form a vague idea of the ways the games were actually played, but it is impossible now to find out how they were played exactly. The methods of playing these games began to change during the Wei-Jin period, and by the time of the Tang Dynasty, the original methods of playing had completely lost.Among the bronze mirrors prevalent during the Qin and Han Dynasties, there is a kind of mirror the back of which is decorated with, geometrical patterns which seem to form a chessboard. This kind of mirror is generally called "TLV mirror". T decline of such mirrors coincided exactly with those of the games of the Qin and Han Dynasties. Tn the opinion of the author of this article, this kind of bronze mirror should be called "chessboard mirror".

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：1986-01-15 [CN]： [ISSN]：

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