作者：郭静云;

机构：中山大学历史系;

中文关键词：龙;;上古信仰;;昆虫崇拜;;红山文化;;商文化;;禹

英文关键词：dragon;ancient beliefs;insect worship;Hongshan culture;Shang culture;Yu

中文摘要：自古埃及以降的闪米特文明都有神奇蛇的信仰,但这些蛇都是克托尼俄斯的神物,代表地下界,从不升天也不飞翔,这种信仰符合蛇的自然本质。中国的龙为天神,既不符合蛇的本质,又和其他古文明崇拜的蛇神形象大异其趣。中国龙的形象来自昆虫。在大自然中,只有昆虫能由蛇体化为鸟形,也只有昆虫能暂死后再生、升天。古人神化昆虫,这实为龙的形象与崇拜来源。不同地区的萨满教,都有崇拜昆虫变形、羽化神能的痕迹。中国先民确有尚虫信仰。中国龙可能更近似于古埃及的金龟蜣螂甲虫崇拜。尽管埃及的金龟和中国的龙崇拜在起源、发展上关联性不大,但两者的信仰观念与象征意义却相当接近。夏禹形貌为虬龙,其名"禹",恰和"虫"同字,故龙、虫义同。

英文摘要：The deification of the snake as a chthonic deity,symbolizing the underworld and unable to get into the Heaven could be traced in Semitic cultures to the ancient Egypt.These beliefs had been based on the natural properties of snakes.The Chinese dragon,unlike them,is a sky dweller.This contrasts to the natural properties of snakes as well as beliefs of peoples who deify snakes.The dragon takes its original image from insects.Only insects could transform from a snake's body to a bird.Only insects could temporarily die(in the chrysalis),and get to the sky,resurrected.The ancient people deified insects,and this gave origin to the formation of the image of dragon and the cult of the dragon.Various shamanistic cultures worship insects,their natural transformations and ability to develop wings.Such deification of insects was present in the ancient China.If we may suggest an analogy,the Chinese dragon is close to the Egyptian scarab.The origin and development of the respective beliefs are not related,but their main idea,symbols and structures are similar.The first king of Xia,Yu,was,according to legend,a hornless dragon.Charaters "禹" and "虫"(worm and pupa)could be traced to the same form.The ancient epigraphic could be a proof that the dragon and the worm are synonyms.

[中文刊名]：中原文物 [出版日期]：2010-06-20 [CN]：41-1012/K [ISSN]：1003-1731

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