作者：周宏伟;

机构：湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院;

中文关键词：汉代;;武都大地震;;汉水上游;;水系变迁

英文关键词：

中文摘要：嘉陵江上游诸水在历史时期发生过重大的水系变迁。汉初以前,今嘉陵江上游诸水本是古汉水的上游,由于河道壅塞,在今陕西略阳以上形成河道型的山间湖泊"天池大泽"。公元前186年的武都道大地震,震中约在今陕西略阳、宁强一带,造成今陕西宁强汉王山一带山体发生巨大滑坡。山体滑坡阻断古汉水,并在古汉水上游形成规模极为巨大的堰塞湖。至前161年,堰塞湖水南向溢流而夺古潜水河道下泄,又在龙门山以北的阳平关谷地形成新的"大泽"。随着堰塞湖、"天池大泽"和龙门山以北"大泽"的相继消失,到约8世纪,嘉陵江"袭夺"古汉水上游的历史过程完成。古汉水上游的水系变迁不是由于河流的溯源侵蚀,而是大地震导致河道堵塞后堰塞湖水发生溢流侵蚀的结果。

英文摘要：The water system of the upper reaches of the Jialing River experienced tremendous changes over the historical period.Before the Han Dynasty,the upper reaches of today's Jialing River were those of the ancient Han River.Due to the blockage of the river channel,extensive lakes formed in the mountains in the upper part of today's Lüeyang County,Shaanxi.In 186 BC,a strong earthquake with its epicenter in today's Lüeyang and Ningqiang,Shaanxi,took place in Wudu Circuit.As a result,huge landslides occurred in the region of today's Mt Hanwang and the old Han River was completely blocked,forming a very big barrier lake.In 161 BC,the waters of the barrier lake overflowed south to the old Qian River,forming large marshes in Yangpingguan Valley to the north of Mt Longmen.With the disappearance of the barrier lakes and the marshes,around the eighth century AD,the process of "capture" of the upper reaches of the old Han River by the Jialing River was finally complete.The changes in the water system of the upper reaches of the old Han River was not due to riverine erosion but to overflow erosion from barrier lakes formed by a strong earthquake that blocked the course of the river.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2010-08-15 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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