作者：倪彩霞;

机构：中山大学中文系;

中文关键词：梅山蛮;;民族结构;;盘古法;;梅山教;;玉虚派

英文关键词：

中文摘要：20世纪30年代,在瑶族传抄文献中发现"梅山教"的存在,由此展开了梅山教的研究。湘中雪峰山脉,古梅山地,是苗瑶祖居地之一,梅山教的发源地。魏晋以来,这里生活着荆蛮部落,巫信仰盛行。唐宋之际,梅山猎人张五郎到龙虎山学习道法,开创"梅山教"。宋熙宁间,朝廷开发梅山,汉族大批移居梅山,梅山蛮主体逐渐迁离梅山,梅山教随之流播各地。在梅山地区,梅山教奉地方神祇张五郎为教主,到了广东瑶区,奉应三郎、黄三郎、李三郎为"三元法主",进入广西十万大山以后,奉道教神"三元将军"为祖师神。梅山教在族群迁徙过程中,逐渐在南方山地民族地区发展成为民间道教的一个流派。而另一方面,在汉人佛、道、民间宗教的影响下,梅山地区的宗教信仰在数百年间发生了巨大变化,现在的梅山师公教已经迥异于"梅山教",而是以汉族宗教信仰为主,留存了"梅山教"部分成分的民间宗教。

英文摘要：In the 20th century 30 years,senior scholars found "Meishan religious sect" in the literature of Yao nationality,and started the research on it.Xue Feng mountain chain which in the middle of Hunan province,is Mei mountainous region in the ancient times,one of Yao and Miao nationalities' ancestors residentially,and headstream of the Meishan religious sect.Since Wei Jin Dynasties,Jing Man tribe had been lived here and they believed in the witchcraft.At Tang Song Dynasties,Zhangwulang,a hunter of here who had learned Taoism magic arts from Long Hu mountain,founded Meishan religious sect.During Xi Ning period of Song Dynasty,the royal developed Mei mountainous region,large amounts of Han nationalities immigrated into.The main of Mei mountain Barbarians moved out gradually following that Meishan religious sect spread out.At Mei mountainous region,people believed in Zhang Wu Lang as their leader,to Guangdong Yao district,changed to Yingsanlang,Huangsanlang and Lisanlang,when entered Guangxi Great mountain,changed to "Sanyuan Generals",the Taoist god.Meishan religious sect developed into a folk Taoist sect among southern mountainous nationalities.On the other hand,under the influence of Buddha,Taoism and Popular religion of Han nationality,the religions of Mei mountainous region had taken place tremendous changes for hundreds of years.Nowadays Mei mountain witch sect has been quite different from Meishan religious sect,which is preserved mainly with the religious belief of Han nationality but retained some components of Mei mountain religious sect.

[中文刊名]：世界宗教研究 [出版日期]：2011-01-15 [CN]：11-1299/B [ISSN]：1000-4289

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