作者：张荣强;

机构：北京师范大学历史学院;

中文关键词：唐代;;吐鲁番籍;;敦煌籍;;丁女;;中女

英文关键词：

中文摘要：唐代吐鲁番户籍将成年在室女子称为"丁女",而敦煌户籍将其称作"中女",这种称谓上的不同,应源于两晋南朝与北朝之间因土地、赋役制度不同造成的课役身份的差异。依据"丁从课役"的原则,北朝均田制下的女子只有在出嫁后才能依附于丈夫受田、纳课;未出嫁或丧夫归宗的女子不受田、纳课,亦不能称"丁"。两晋南朝则不同,女子到法定年龄就要承担课赋,成丁与否不以结婚为必要条件。敦煌户籍的称谓符合北朝以及承此而来的隋唐丁中制度,吐鲁番户籍的载录则是西晋、十六国制度的遗存。

英文摘要：In the household registration system of the Tang dynasty,unmarried adult women in Turfan were called "ding women"(丁女,ding nǔ,able-bodied women),while in Dunhuang they were called "zhong women"(中女 zhong nü).One can assume that this difference originated from the different traditions of tax and corvée status passed down from the Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties,which had had differing land,tax and corvée systems.In the Northern dynasties,under the equal-field system and in light of the principle that every fully able-bodied person (ding 丁) was subject to levies and corvée (丁从课役,ding cong ke yi),a woman could only receive land and be subject to levies through her husband;an unmarried woman or one who had gone back to her original family on the death of her husband could not receive land and need not pay levies,nor could she be called ding.In the Southern dynasties,on the other hand,a woman was liable for tax and corvée once she came of age,whether she was married or not.The appellation in the Dunhuang household registration records accords with the tradition of the Northern Dynasties and the subsequent ding-zhong systems of the Sui and Tang dynasties,while that in the Turpan records reflects remnants of the system of the Western Jin and the Sixteen Kingdoms.The most significant difference between the two in terms of women’s tax and corvée status lies in the fact that in the Northern dynasties,unmarried women were divided by age into huang (黄),xiao (小) and zhong.Upon marriage,they were called wife of an able-bodied man (丁妻,ding qi) or wife of an old man (老男妻lao nan qi) depending on the status of their husbands.

[中文刊名]：历史研究 [出版日期]：2011-02-25 [CN]：11-1213/K [ISSN]：0459-1909

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