作者：黄国辉;

机构：北京师范大学历史学院;

中文关键词：

英文关键词：

中文摘要：<正>目次一商代亲称前的数字问题二商代亲称前的大、中、小问题三商代亲称中的"高"与"毓"四结语简单而言,亲属称谓是指那些反映人们亲属关系的称谓,如祖、妣、父、母、兄、弟等一系列基本称谓。商代亲属称谓前的区别字意义重大,它和亲称共同规定了成员的家族乃至社会角色。然而,对于区别字问题,此前学者虽已有很好的讨论,但仍存留诸多问题有待进一步研究。

英文摘要：The numbers in front of the ancestral titles in the divination inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty have their internal rules,which can be induced into four principles: the numbers in front of the ancestral titles in the oracle bone inscriptions had two types,i.e.the cardinal numbers and the ordinal numbers;the key to identify them from each other is the day name(shown by heavenly stem): if the number and ancestral title are followed by a day name,and the entire format of the ancestral title is "number + ancestral title + day name",then the number in front of the ancestral title should be an ordinal number,the function of which is mainly qualifying the day name;if the number and ancestral title are not followed by a day name,and the entire format of the ancestral title is "number + ancestral title",then the number in front of the ancestral title would be a cardinal number,the function of which is mainly qualifying the ancestral title.When the number in the ancestral title is an ordinal number,its function is restricting the generation,which means that it is only seen in the ancestral titles of two or more generations earlier(than the sacrifice offering payers) with the same day names;when the number in the ancestral title is a cardinal number,it is not restricted by the generations,which means that it can be used to qualify the kins of the same gender in the same generation as well as the kins of the same gender in different generations.The numbers in the ancestral titles of the Shang people had close relationship with their day name culture.Generally,the Shang people clarified the ages of the kins of the same gender in the same generation with identifier terms,such as da大(elder or senior),zhong中(middle),xiao小(younger or junior) and so on,but these identifier terms might also be used to tell the different ancestors of the same gender with the same day name in their titles.The Dashi大示 popularly seen in the oracle bone inscriptions should be the collective name of the seven ancestors——Shang Jia上甲,Da Yi大乙,Da Ding大丁,Da Jia大甲,Da Wu大戊,Da Geng大庚 and Zhong Ding中丁,whose names have the same identifier term da大.The meaning of "gaozu高祖" had changes from the Shang to the Zhou Dynasties: the first,the "gao高" in "gaozu" kept the original meaning of "high" and "far,remote" in the later times,but in the Zhou Dyansty,the lowest limitation of the generations mentioned by "gaozu" was changed downward,and the great-grandfather could be called "gaozu";the second,the new meanings of "being respected,being admired" were derived from the original meaning of "high" in "gaozu".The "yu毓(offspring,lower generations)" opposing to the "gao" could be used to call the great-grandfather at the highest generation.

[中文刊名]：考古学报 [出版日期]：2012-07-15 [CN]：11-1209 [ISSN]：0453-2902

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