作者：黄文房,阚耀平

机构：中国科学院新疆地理研究所 ,中国科学院新疆地理研究所

中文关键词：新疆坎儿井;;井渠技术;;卑鞮侯井;;深层承压水

英文关键词：

中文摘要：新疆坎儿井主要分布在哈密——吐鲁番地区,这是新疆人民改造自然的巨大成就,目前呈现日益衰败的趋势,本文根据野外考察及文献资料认为。新疆坎儿井导源于汉武帝时期关中地区的“井渠”技术,敦煌地区的“卑鞮侯井,是新疆坎儿井的雏型,发展延续至今,对灌溉农业发挥了巨大作用,并分析了目前衰败的原因,提出了改造措施及今后发展方向。

英文摘要：There is no definable recorde about the origin of Karez in ancient chinese articles.Basing on the field work and the historical recordesu The author believed that the construction of karez in Xinjiang derives from the construction of "Well Channel"in the centre of chinain West Han dynasty.The "Beidihou well"recorded in HTSTORY OF HAN DYN-ASTYis the primitive form of karez contruction in the area of Dunhuang, Gansu province.Along with the strength of Han nationality connected with Western Area, the constructionof "Well Channel" conducts westforward gradually.The real Karez was constructed by na-tive people using the construction method of"well channel" acorrding to the localhydrological condition. Karezes distribute mainly in the area of Turpan and Hami. Xinjiang.Karezes had beenthe main water for irrigation before 1950, the number and the water volume of Karezes in-creased standingly. Because of the advocating of the rule of "It is useful to whom to buildit"in 1957, orginal balance was disasted, meaill the number of powerful machine wells increased quickly, which made the number and the water volume of karezes decreased obviously, many Karezes dried and discarded. today the ancient water project has faced a serious problem because of its weakness and unjust administration and the allocation disor-der of the powerful machine well, etc. To overcome the weakness of Karez, the main problems are how to enlarge theamount of water and to prevent it from blocking and collapsing.The solutions to the prob-lems are: expending the space about 300-500 meters to left and right on the head of thekarez along the underground water vertical line in order to enlarge the area of taking un-derground water; digging several artesian wells at the lenght to lead the deep pressure wat-er into the karez, concreting the channel and placing pipes, etc.

[中文刊名]：干旱区地理 [出版日期]：1990-10-01 [CN]：65-1104/P [ISSN]：1000-6060

下载全文 下载CAJ阅读器