作者：王进玉,王进聪

机构：敦煌研究院!敦煌736200,甘肃省地质矿产局物探队!兰州73000

中文关键词：朱砂颜料;;河姆渡;;良渚文化;;马家窑文化;;壁画

英文关键词：Vermilion pigments He Mu Du ancient site Liang Zhu culture Ma Jia Yao culture

中文摘要：朱砂，化学成分为天然硫化汞（ＨｇＳ）。古代有丹砂等多种名称，它是我国古代各族人民最喜爱 的红色颜料和涂料，距今６０００多年，浙江余姚县河姆渡遗址中就有外涂朱砂的漆碗，此后，在江浙 一带的良渚文化、西北马家窑文化、四川广汉三星堆、河南殷虚等遗址都曾发现用朱砂涂染的装饰 品和尸骨。西周以来用途较广，秦汉时不仅大量用作颜料还用来炼制水银，北朝至清代全国各地的 壁画及其它彩绘艺术中都用朱砂做颜料。历代对朱砂做颜料的选择、加工制作也积累了不少经验。

英文摘要：Vermilion, its chemical composition is natural cinnabar(HgS), had many names in ancient China. It was one of favorite pigments and coatings for ancient Chinese. A vermilion painted bowl was found in He Mu Du ruin site, which age is over 6000 years old, at Yuyao County in Zhejiang Province. And so much ornament coated with vermilion was unearthed in such ancient ruin sites as Liang Zhu, Ma Jia Yao, San Xin Dui and Ying Xu. Vermilion not only had been in wide use since Eastern Zhou and Western Zhou dynasties, but was served regularly as pigments in paintings on paper or on the wall, and refined for mercury in Qing and Han Dynasties. Rich experiences about how to select, extract and process vermilion for pigments were accumulated through the past dynasties.

[中文刊名]：文物保护与考古科学 [出版日期]：1999-03-15 [CN]：31-1652/K [ISSN]：1005-1538

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