作者：吴晓欧

机构：吉林艺术学院美术学院 吉林长春130021

中文关键词：古印度;;佛教艺术;;犍陀罗;;马图拉;;相学;;仪规

英文关键词：Ancient India, the art of Buddhism, Gandhara, Mathura, Imaging, Poising rules

中文摘要：古代印度佛教造像的起源与发展曾经有两个主要脉络:犍陀罗风格与马图拉风格,它们都统一于古老的印度相学中。亚历山大的远征带来的希腊化传播对犍陀罗是极其重要的,它是最早地接受了希腊造型艺术的影响,而马图拉的佛陀造像直接借用了民间神灵药叉的形象而呈现出一种本土化民族化的样式。相学与古印度的婆罗门教所宣扬的种姓制度一样存在久远,总结出了一套系统的规则以区定人的命运,高贵与平贱,慧悟与愚沌等。佛造像借用相学的"伟人像"而演生出了"32相"、"80种好"仪规。

英文摘要：The Buddha images in ancient India originated from and developed in two aspects: Gandhara style and Mathura style. They both belonged to ancient Indian' s Imaging. The spread of Greek culture brought by Alexander expedition had a great impact on Gandhara. It was the first one to have been influenced by the .Greek modeling art. Mathura images directly adopted the images of folk yaksha (a malevolent spirit), revealing a kind of localized and ethic form. The imaging and the caste system advocated by the Brahmanism in Ancient Indian existed long. There was a set of systematic rules that differeciated and decided people's fate, nobility and humbleness, wisdom and stupidity, etc. Borrowing from imaging's "Great People Images," Buddha images developed "32 Imaging" and"80 Details" poising rules.

[中文刊名]：吉林艺术学院学报 [出版日期]：2004-09-30 [CN]：22-5033 [ISSN]：

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