作者：王进南;刘尊志;

机构：徐州市博物馆;南开大学历史学院;

中文关键词：道教;;佛教;;徐州墓葬

英文关键词：Buddhism;Taoism;Xuzhou;tomb

中文摘要：徐州是两汉重要封国所在地,境内汉墓众多。作为古人遗留下来的重要信息载体,墓葬所体现的社会内容十分丰富,社会思想即为其中的一个重要组成部分,而原始道教和早期佛教思想表现得尤为突出。原始道教的创始者张道陵为沛国丰(今徐州丰县)人,从睢宁刘楼汉墓封土中出土的铅俑等来看,说明原始道教由徐州人创造是有其社会基础的。道教形成之后,迅速在各地传播开来,并逐渐渗入社会生活的各个层面。徐州作为道教创始人的故乡,墓葬受其影响在情理之中,并有多种表现形式,主要有墓门解除、辟邪杀鬼、神药厌镇、长生不死等等。佛教于公元前六世纪创立于南亚印度地区,大约在西汉后期佛教通过陆路传入我国,东汉时期逐渐在中国传播开来。东汉早期,徐州地区佛教渐盛,这与楚王刘英的信奉和推广有关,因其时代较早,对佛教在中国的传播当有较大推动。东汉末年,徐州一带佛教更盛,墓葬中,象征佛教题材的出土遗物较多,有尖帽胡人俑、塑像座、九枝灯等,另外还可能有鎏金铜造像。画像石的题材更为广泛,内容多样而生动,反映出佛教思想的日渐普及。因此,可以说,徐州汉墓的相关内容体现出社会思想对墓葬的影响及墓葬对社会思想充分反映的相互性。

英文摘要：Xuzhou is the important kingdom of Han Dynasty.A number of Han tombs have been discovered in this area.As the essential information which has been handed down by ancient people,these tombs have been reflected abundant of social phenomenon.One important part of the phenomenon is social ideology,such as primitive Taoism and early Buddhism.Zhang Daoling,the founder of primitive Taoism,who is from Xuzhou.The leading figures,which have been unearthed from the Han tomb located in Liulou of Suining country,illustrate the social basis that primitive Taoism was founded in Xuzhou.Taoism propagated quickly and influenced every part of the society.Tombs in Xuzhou,the hometown of primitive Taoism's founder,were influenced by Taoism directly.The manifestations are mainly about guiding the soul to heaven immortality,guarding the soul of the tomb,keeping living in the world,etc.Buddhism was founded in the sixth century BC,in India,south of Asia.Buddhism was brought to China by land in Western Han and spread widely in Eastern Han,because of Liu Ying,the king of Chu,was believes it.Buddhism didn't become popular in Xuzhou until early Eastern Han.It also promoted the spread of early Buddhism in China.In the tombs of late Eastern Han,there were many funerary objects which signify Buddhism.Such as,Figurines of Hu People with peaked cap,the base of the statue,oil lamp with 9 wicks,and maybe gilded bronze statue.The subjects of the portrait stone were extensive.The contents were vivid.These illustrated that Buddhism was widespread at that time.Therefore,the contents of Xuzhou's Han tombs could reflect the influence between the tombs and social ideology.

[中文刊名]：徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) [出版日期]：2010-03-15 [CN]：32-1467/C [ISSN]：1007-6425

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