作者：包文胜

出版单位：内蒙古大学

中文关键词：铁勒;;唐代;;漠北十五部;;部落名称;;历史变迁

英文关键词：Tiele;; Tang Dynasty;; 15 tribes in Mobei area;; The name of tribe;; Historical vicissitude

中文摘要：铁勒是南北朝和隋唐时期活动于我国古代北方地区,在历史上有较大影响的突厥语族部落的统称。铁勒之称始见于《魏书·高昌传》,回纥汗国建立后,基本上从汉文史籍中消失。铁勒与狄历、丁零、敕勒(高车)等有着渊源关系。唐初,铁勒在漠北主要有十五部。在蒙古高原上,他们有时成为霸主,有时则左右某个政权。漠北铁勒史在我国古代北方民族历史中占有重要地位。从区域史和古代民族关系史角度看,又对中国古代史的研究具有重要意义。就目前研究状况而言,铁勒史仍是个相对薄弱的环节,有一些问题还需要系统研究或商榷。本文在前人研究的基础上,试图全面、系统地考察唐代漠北铁勒十五部的历史,对一些尚未深入的问题进行大胆尝试,以期弥补以往研究的空缺或不足,提出自己的学术观点。全文正文分四章。第一章主要辨析铁勒基本史料。中外史学界研究铁勒史取得了显著成果,但在某些具体问题上仍难达成共识或难以深入,主要原因之一就是对史料的认识有关。不言而喻,汉文文献关于铁勒的记载是研究铁勒历史的主要史料。然而汉文献在记述有关铁勒的事迹时,不同程度地存在着内容多寡不同、史实各异的情况。可以说,辗转抄录,充实增补,以讹传讹是导致这种结果的主要原因。在非汉文史料中,也有少量有关铁勒的记载,但不能因少而轻视。正是这些极为珍贵的记载可以纠正或补充汉文传世文献中的误载或漏载,甚至对订正某些史实起着决定性的作用。学界有些观点主要是依据辗转抄录的汉文史料或轻视非汉文史料而得出,其说服力当然不够。为此,本章专门辨析了铁勒基本史料,目的是为论文铺垫牢固的基础。第二章主要讨论了铁勒族名、族源及其早期历史。国内外史学界至今对铁勒族名、族源问题的看法分歧很大。关于铁勒族源,研究者多据现存史料,主要从铁勒名称入手。在汉文史籍中,出现在不同时代的铁勒族名往往有它的连续性和一致性,也有它演变的历史原因。这些不同称号,有些是用汉文按照当时的发音或某个地区的方言音译,即同名异译;有些是汉语语音变化或各民族之间的语言差别或同一个语族部落的方言差别所致;有些是随着某个北方民族内迁,把自己对铁勒的称谓带入了中原;有些则是汉族史家直接沿用了北方民族对铁勒的称谓。此外,铁勒之称的演变和传布,与他们的实力盛衰和迁徙历史有着密切联系。不考虑这些因素,仅从某个角度出发,或一味地等同和分割这些不同称号都得不到科学的研究结果。第三章分析和考证了漠北铁勒诸部的名称、居地及其迁徙等。以往的研究由于史料缺乏等原因,多不涉及漠北铁勒部落名称考释问题。近些年来,国内外学者不断发掘突厥文、回鹘文史料和穆斯林史料等,对考释铁勒诸部名称有了可能。准确运用汉语音韵学和掌握北方民族语音特点,对铁勒部落名称考释很有帮助。以往的研究者对漠北铁勒诸部居地考证的过于狭小,对他们的历史变迁没有足够的重视。实际上,把这些部落按个案来考察,探索他们的历史变迁,对研究其他民族的构成问题即新共同体的形成问题有着重要意义。第四章主要叙述了唐朝时期漠北铁勒诸部的历史。以前主要是受史料所限,经常把漠北铁勒诸部历史以被统治者的角色去研究。其实,漠北铁勒有时成为蒙古高原上的主人,有时则成为推翻某个政权的主干力量。我们有必要换个角度思考这个问题,应该与其他民族一样放在同一个平台上去研究他们的历史。这样,就会对问题的研究有些新的启发,有利于正确评价漠北铁勒与其他政权之间的关系。

英文摘要： Tiele acts in the northern region of ancient China ,in the period of Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties .It takes a great impact on the history of the Turkic-speaking tribes collectively.The saying of Tiele was firstly found in the book ---the Biogrophy of Wei.Gaochang.But after the found of Huihe khanates,it was basically disspeared in the Chinese -written books.Tiele has some deep relations with Dili,Dingling,Chile(Gaoche).At the beginning of Tang Danasty,there were 15 tribes on Mobei.Sometimes it would be the hegemon,and in other hand ,it would control certain regime on the Mogolia Plateau.The history of Mobei Tiele plays an important role in the history of Northern Peples.From the point of the reginal history and acient national relationship,it also has great significance for the studying of Chinese acient history.On the case of the present research,the studying of the history of Tiele is a little bit weak,we had better make a systematically reearch and discussion.This paper is based on the studyings of the predecessors and tries to inspect the history of the 15 settlements of Tiele comprehensively and systematically .At the same time , in order to cover the vacancies and inadequence and oppose our new academic idea ,we will have a bold attempt to some questions and oppose our new academic idea.The paper has four chapters:The first chapter analysis the basic historic materials of Tiele .Chinease and foreign scholars get a nortable fruit of the studying of the history of Tiele ,but it is difficult for them to make an agreement about some questions ,and the main reson is the kownledge of the historic materials .Everyone knows ,the chinease -written literature related the Tiele is the main historical material.But they have some disadvantages,such as the contents are more or less,the historical realities are true or not .We can say the reason that all these happened is that when people record the history of Tiele ,they will add or delete the facts,nobody can catch the realities ,romour to romour.We can't neglect the limited records about the history of Tiele in unchinese-written literature because these precious records can correct the wrongs and ommitions.We can also say that they can revise some truly facts.It is un-believed that the scholarship get the conclusion based on Traveled reproduces and neglections of the un-chinese written books.So ,this chapter analysises the basic historic materials of Tiele so that it can make a solid prepairations for the paper. The second chapter talks about,the nation name ,the nation source and the previous history of the Tiele .History scholars in China and abroad have sharp different oppinions towards the upper questions.According to the exciting historic materials,they know about the nation souce based on the name of Tiele.In the chinese-written literatures, different names of Tiele tribes in different eras have continuity and consistency.It also has the historical cause of being evoluted.The previous researchers neglect this point. For this different callings,some are translated in accordance with Chinese pronunciation or a dialect ,that is, the same name, different translation;Some are influnenced by Chinese voice changes or a linguistic differences between different ethnic groups with or language differences caused by tribal dialects;some are changed with inland imigration of some Northern Nation,so they bring the saying of Tiele to Central Plains;Some history scholars use the name of Tiele directly.Else,the calling of Tiele has a tight link with the rise and fall of strength and the history of movement.If we do not take these factors into consideration,or think from a one-sided point of view,or blindly Segment and equical these different titles.we won't get sentific result.The third chapter analysises the names of every tribes and their history movement. Because of lack of the rearch materials,multi-examination of the name does not be involved .Recently,multi-examination of the name becomes possible for the scholars have developped Turkic, Uighur ,Muslims culture .It will be helpful to make good use of Chinese phonology and master the phonetics of nothern nations.The previous rearchers do not pay much attention to the history movement and widen the habbitat of each Tiele's settlements.In fact,putting all these sole cases together and exploring their changes will have a great impact on the research of the formation of the new communitity.The last chapter describes the relationship between tribes of MoBei Tiele and their neighbourhood.long before ,we always research Tiele as being ruled.In fact,it sometimes becomes the master of Mogolia Plateau,and also it will be the backbone to overturn some regimes.We should change our views towards Mobei Tiele ,research it based on the equal role as other nations.In this way,we will get inspiration of the problem and evaluate the relationship between Tiele and other regimes.

[中文刊名]：哲学与人文科学辑 [发表时间]：2008-05-20 [第一导师]：张久和 [主题]：铁勒历史研究

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